Volume 67,2026 Issue 9

• Research and Application of Generator Control System Based on Multi-Dimensional Collaborative Optimization
  LI Weiwei; FENG Panpan; YANG Junqi; ZHANG Lidong; ZHANG Zhicheng; ZHOU Mingjiang

  Abstract:To address the issues of automatic control logic defects，uneven parallel power distribution，and the lack of remote monitoring capabilities in gas generators at compressor stations of the west-to-east gas pipeline project，a gas generator controlsystem based on multidimensional collaborative optimization is proposed. This system enhances the anti-disturbance capabilityand precision of collaborative power distribution control among multiple generators by optimizing the control logic of theAutomatic Transfer Switch(ATS)， designing a five-level group control startup process，and introducing a PID parameterdynamic tuning method to implement a multi-machine collaborative control strategybased onhierarchical load. Meanwhile，a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition(SCADA)remote monitoring system is constructed to upload 26 core parameters， enabling intelligent operation and maintenance. The experimental results show that the total time required for the system torestore power supply after mains failure is shortened to 86 s. Following the modification，the average power imbalance rate of the parallel power distribution system is reduced to 3.49%，the maximum reverse power is controlled within 3.08% of the rated generator power，and the output powers of the two gas generators exhibit a strong negative correlation(r=-0.86). The success rates of remote operation and data upload in the SCADA monitoring system both reach 100%. This achievement provides afeasible technical approach and quantitative evaluation basis for the technological transformation of generator control systems.

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• Rotating System Servo Position Encoder
  CUI Yanguang

  Abstract:In the fields of modern industrial automation，robotics，high-precision computer numerical control machine tools， and aerospace and other cutting-edge equipment manufacturing，servo control systems serve as the key link for achieving precise motion execution， with their performance directly determining the response speed， positioning accuracy， and operational stability of the entire system. As the core feedback unit of the servo system，the rotating system servo position encoder undertakes the critical task of acquiring the real-time position，speed，and motion direction of the motor rotor，and its performance fundamentally restricts the control quality of the servo loop. Firstly，this paper analyzes the technical principles of four types of rotating system servo position encoders，namely photoelectric，resolver，magnetoelectric，and inductive encoders. Then，this paper elaborates on the core signal processing algorithms，accuracy levels，as well as their advantages and disadvantages in engineering applications，aiming to provide a certain theoretical supports and practical references for relevant researchers.

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• PLC and Frequency Converter Jointly Drive High-Performance Servo Strategy
  DENG Qiuyan

  Abstract:A high-performance servo drive strategy based on the collaborative control of PLC and frequency converter isproposed to address the contradiction between high cost of traditional servo systems and low accuracy of variable frequencyspeed regulation systems. The system uses Siemens S7-1200 PLC as the main control unit，establishes real-time communication with G120 frequency converter through PROFIBUS-DP bus，and constructs a "position-speed-torque" three loop cascadecontrol architecture. The fuzzy PID parameter self-tuning algorithm is introduced to achieve online optimization of controlparameters，designing acceleration feedforward，friction compensation，and expanded state observer to synergistically suppressdisturbances. Experimental verification shows that the positioning accuracy of the system reaches ±0.018 mm，the response time is shortened to 80 ms，and the speed fluctuation rate is controlled within 0.5%. Compared with traditional solutions，its performance is improved by 67%，45%，and 60% respectively，effectively solving the technical contradiction between high accuracy and low cost.

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• Optimization of Track Chassis Speed Based on PID
  LI Wenkai

  Abstract:Yunnan Province is located in a border area with a relatively high proportion of mountainous areas. Due to the lowefficiency of transportation vehicles，its agricultural economy is greatly affected. In response to the problem that the speed of thetracked chassis is easily affected by environmental interference，this paper constructs a PID closed-loop control system based on an embedded architecture，adds a chassis speed factor，and then uses a slider window to optimize the speed factor and other chassis parameters. Experimental results have shown that compared with traditional measurement methods，the proposed optimization scheme can effectively improve control accuracy，thereby enhancing the transportation efficiency of the vehicle.

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• Automatic Water Addition Method for Sintering Mixture Based on Material Tracking and Adaptive Control
  WANG Shufeng; CAI Xuan; LYU Yuhang; WU Jingwei

  Abstract:To address the issues of detection lag，weak model adaptability，and reliance on manual intervention during the water addition process of sintering mixtures，an automatic water addition method based on material tracking and adaptive control wasproposed. This method dynamically calculates the transmission lag time of raw materials from the feeding port to the moisturedetection point，constructs a time-series dataset，and accurately quantifies the time delay between conveying and detection， effectively resolving the data lag problem. Based on predicted total material and water volumes，the initial water addition is calculated in conjunction with the target moisture content. A PI/PID controller is introduced to dynamically adjust the wateraddition according to real-time feedback from the moisture meter，eliminating manual intervention. The results demonstrate thatthe proposed method overcomes the lag and static model limitations of traditional control，significantly improving the timeliness and stability of moisture control，and optimizing the sintering granulation structure and heat transfer efficiency.

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• Research on Energy-Saving Optimization of Hospital Central Air Conditioning Based on MPC
  TANG Wenchao

  Abstract:Aiming at the problems of high energy consumption，fast load changes，and untimely feedback control in hospital central air conditioning systems，a predictive control strategy based on the central air conditioning system model is proposed toreduce the energy consumption of the air conditioning system. Based on the air conditioning system model，considering the impact of indoor and outdoor environments and personnel on the central air conditioning system in hospitals，a multi-input， multi-output air conditioning system Model Predictive Control(MPC)strategy is designed to control the multi head system， taking into account equipment such as cooling sources and air conditioning fan coil units. Firstly，a central air conditioningsystem model of a certain hospital was established and the main energy consumption and operating characteristics of the airconditioning system are analyzed. Then，MPC is used to optimize the design of the air conditioning system. Finally，the air conditioning control strategy is verified to reduce energy consumption and achieve a certain comfort effect when operating undertypical loads. The proposed air conditioning control strategy is verified through simulation to effectively improve the energyefficiency ratio of the air conditioning system，reducing total energy consumption by 18.6% and increasing energy efficiency ratio by 22.3%. It meets the comfort needs of indoor personnel and has certain promotional significance.

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• Research and Design of Vector Control System for PMSM Based on Delta ECMA-C30604PS Motor
  CHEN Yuanzhao; ZHANG Jieping; ZHENG Qi

  Abstract:Currently，small-and medium-power Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor(PMSM)are confronted with issues such as poor versatility，limited scalability，low cost-effectiveness，and insufficient precision. To address these challenges，a low-power permanent magnet synchronous motor control system based on the STM32F103C6T6 is proposed in this paper. Thissystem is applicable to various driving scenarios of low-power permanent magnet synchronous motors and supports both PMSMmotors with sensors and BLDC motors equipped with Hall sensors. During the system's computational process，the 32-bit fixed-point arithmetic mathematical library IQmath is introduced， significantly enhancing the system's computational speed. Moreover，the feasibility of the algorithm is verified through the integration of an inverted pendulum system，with a combination of theoretical validation and physical testing being employed. This system is characterized by significant advantages，including high precision，low cost，strong scalability，and broad applicability.

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• Research on Hierarchical Control Strategies for Microgrid Energy Management Systems Based on PLC
  WANG Kai

  Abstract:At present，microgrids suffer from low energy management efficiency and poor operation stability due to outputfluctuation of distributed generation，difficult coordination of multiple devices，and insufficient real-time performance ofcontrol. A hierarchical control strategy for microgrid energy management system is designed based on PLC technology，and an overall design framework of hierarchical control for microgrid energy management system is constructed. Taking Siemens S7-1500 as the core，four functional modules are designed respectively，namely microgrid data acquisition，PLC communication network，energy control decision-making，and monitoring and alarm. A three-layer control architecture of scheduling， coordination and execution is constructed in the core control decision-making module to realize intelligent control of microgridenergy management. The results show that the bus voltage deviation rate of the microgrid is ≤0.28%，the control response time is ≤94.58 ms，and the State of Charge(SOC)of energy storage is stabilized at 20% to 80%. The strategy improves the operation stability and economy of microgrids and provides support for engineering applications.

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• Model Predictive Trajectory Tracking Control of Wafer Stages Based on IBKA Optimization
  WANG Shuaiyang; MENG Xinyu; SONG Wenhao

  Abstract:To address the problems of large control precision error and poor stability of the wafer motion platform of chip sortersunder complex working conditions，a hybrid control strategy combining multi-strategy Improved Black-winged Kite Algorithm(IBKA)and Model Predictive Control(MPC)，namely IBKA-MPC，is proposed. Finally，experimental simulations are carriedout via MATLAB/Simulink. The results show that the proposed IBKA-MPC controller exhibits superior control accuracy and robustness in wafer stage trajectory tracking.

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• Automatic Combustion Adjustment System for GE 9E Gas Turbine Based on Flame Intensity Control
  SHI Leijian; WU Qi; LIU Junhong; XU Longwei; PAN Xuecheng; WANG Wenping

  Abstract:To address the issue of insufficient sensitivity to pressure pulsation indicators during the automatic combustionadjustment process of GE 9E gas turbines，an automatic combustion adjustment scheme is proposed that takes flame intensity as thecore target parameter and integrates a micro-step method with a self-learning mechanism. Firstly，based on the monitoring principle of industrial-grade ultraviolet flame detectors for the radiation intensity of CH/C2 radical characteristic spectra(253.7 nm/206.2 nm)， the necessity of using flame intensity as a direct parameter for combustion stability in automatic combustionadjustment is elucidated:when the fuel system control command(FSRXSR)deviates from the optimal value，fluctuations in flame intensity are demonstrated to more accurately reflect the risk of flame detachment compared to pressure pulsations， thereby providing a reliable input basis for real-time control. In the proposed system，flame intensity is introduced as another combustion adjustment target parameter in addition to NOemissions，and it has been validated on the 9E unit at Huadian Zhejiang Longyou Thermal Power:when the fuel system control command(FSRXSR)is artificially increased to induce flame intensity instability，the system adjusts it back to 82.5%，at which point the flame intensity recovers to within the safe threshold range，the NOemissions are maintained at a level of less than 21 mg/Nm3，and the pressure pulsation remains below 30 mbar throughout the process. The research results indicate that the application of flame intensity，a mature monitoring parameter，to combustion adjustment effectively overcomes the limitations of traditional indicators and improves the control accuracy ofcombustion stability.

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• Research on Automatic Control Method of Marine Controllable Pitch Propeller Based on Genetic Algorithm
  YU Longteng

  Abstract:Aiming at the problem of large load fluctuation range in existing control methods for marine controllable pitch propellers，an automatic control method for marine controllable pitch propellers based on genetic algorithm is proposed. Firstly， a PID controller is designed. Secondly，the genetic algorithm is applied to optimize PID parameters to determine the optimalcombination of pitch angle and rotational speed under different working conditions，so as to ensure that the marine controllable pitch propeller operates efficiently at all times. Test results show that after the application of the proposed method，the root bending moments of blade 1 to blade 4 are all kept below 3 000 kN·m，and the load fluctuation amplitudes at the blade roots ofthe marine controllable pitch propeller meet the expected requirements. The additional loads of the foundation structure near thestern post are all kept within the allowable range，which effectively improves the operational stability and reliability of ships in complex navigation environments.

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• Adaptive Dynamic Distribution Control Method for Natural Gas Pipelines Based on Real-Time Sensing
  LI Pengming; ZHANG Lidong; CHEN Zhijian; CHEN Xusheng; LEI Jinxin; PANG Jianwen; CHEN Qianyi; LI Liangliang

  Abstract:During the distribution process of long-distance natural gas pipelines，significant shortcomings are observed in existing control methods:the constant pressure control method is prone to distribution volume deviations when user flow rates change abruptly，the remaining average method exhibits lag in response to demand variations，and the uneven coefficient method demonstrates weak anti-interference capability due to its reliance on historical data. To address these issues，an adaptive dynamic distribution control method based on real-time operating condition sensing is proposed，with Shandan Distribution Station as the practical application object. This method aims to enhance distribution accuracy，pressure stability， and system security through a dynamic hybrid control strategy，providing a new pathway for intelligent management of natural gas. A technical framework of "real-time sensing—anti-interference processing—data integration—fuzzy model—dynamic hybrid control" is adopted in the study:first，operating condition data are collected in real time，then，anti-interference processing and integration of the data are accomplished by combining median-average filtering and normalization techniques， finally，a fuzzy control model incorporating PID pressure control，adaptive flow adjustment，and dynamic weight allocation is constructed. Compared with traditional control methods，this adaptive dynamic distribution control method can effectively copewith the nonlinear relationship between pressure and flow during natural gas distribution，avoiding the performance degradation of traditional PID control under complex operating conditions. The application results indicate that the adaptive dynamic distribution control method offers the following advantages:dependence on historical data is reduced，and adaptability to real-time operating conditions is enhanced，a hierarchical weight adjustment mechanism is employed to balance security and flexibility，and a replicable technical solution is provided for the intelligent upgrading of natural gas distribution stations.

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• Intelligent Control System for Power Plant Lighting Based on Wireless Internet of Things
  WU Pan

  Abstract:In response to the problems of high labor consumption and poor energy efficiency in the operation of the lightingsystem in a power plant，an intelligent control system for power plant lighting based on wireless internet of things is constructed.By presenting the functional design and the overall system framework design，and comparing different wireless communication networks and network controller implementation schemes，references are provided for the design of intelligent lighting systemsin various types of industrial places. The equipment reconstruction and system construction process in a power plant is alsointroduced，including the reconstruction of lighting circuits，the communication between illuminance sensors and current transformers，the fabrication of DC 24 V switching power supplies，and client configuration，so as to provide references for other power plants.

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• Research on Adaptive Linkage Control Method for Conveyor Process Based on Real-Time Speed Perception
  GUO Yanyan; LI Ming

  Abstract:With the rapid development of intelligent manufacturing and automated logistics technologies，traditional conveyorcontrol systems struggle to adapt to the dynamic characteristics of load fluctuations and rhythm deviations in multi-segmentconveyor processes due to their fixed parameters and delayed responses. To address this，a conveyor process adaptive linkage control method incorporating real-time speed perception is proposed. Firstly，the real-time operational status and quantitativeanalysis of the conveyor process are achieved by establishing dynamic equations for speed error and a multi-segment couplingdegree model. Subsequently， an adaptive regulation law and speed coordination function are designed to construct a collaborative control algorithm for multi-segment conveyors. Finally，pilot testing of this method is conducted on an intelligentlogistics system. The results demonstrate that this method significantly outperforms traditional control strategies in terms of speedmatching，rhythm stability，and energy consumption optimization，providing a technical reference for realizing intelligent and efficient operation of conveyor systems.

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• Research and Application of Control Optimization Technology for Coal Millers in Thermal Power Generating Units Based on Comprehensive Energy Efficiency Indicators
  LIU Xingli; ZHANG Tianlu; LI Gang; LIU Shujie; WANG Zhongqi

  Abstract:The real-time measurement of key performance parameters in the pulverizing system represents a bottleneck forrefined operation in coal-fired power plants. Addressing the complex trade-off between pulverizing power consumption andboiler combustion efficiency，this paper proposes research and application of control optimization technology for coal mills inthermal power units based on a comprehensive energy efficiency index. Data are collected through performance tests coveringmultiple coal types and wide load ranges，enabling the construction of a Support Vector Regression(SVR)soft measurement model for accurate estimation of parameters such as coal powder fineness and concentration. An optimization model targetingcomprehensive energy efficiency of the pulverizing system is established，with Genetic Algorithm(GA)employed to solve for optimal adjustable parameters. Industrial application on a 600 MW supercritical unit confirms that the system identifiesoptimization strategies differing from conventional practices. By appropriately relaxing coal powder fineness requirements， pulverizing-specific power consumption isreduced by 4.09%，while the unburned carbon content in fly ash is significantly lowered，thereby achieving comprehensive energy efficiency improvements across the entire "pulverizing-combustion" chain.

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• Research on Risk Oriented Periodic Inspection Strategy for Industrial Boilers
  WEI Guangwei; ZHANG Yuhang

  Abstract:The regular inspection of traditional industrial boilers adopts fixed inspection items and processes. When facingboilers with complex structures and different models，there are problems such as uneven allocation of inspection resources andinsufficient depth of inspection for potential high-risk areas. Therefore，a regular inspection strategy for industrial boilersincorporating risk oriented thinking is proposed. This strategy first constructs a multi-level indicator system covering equipmentontology，operation management，and environmental risks，and uses the information entropy method to objectively assignweights to achieve scientific quantification of boiler comprehensive risks. The core lies in developing differentiated inspectionpriorities and methods within the framework of the statutory inspection cycle based on risk assessment results，such as strengthening macroscopic inspection， thickness measurement， and non-destructive testing for high-risk areas， while performing routine inspections for low-risk areas. Experiments show that this strategy can accurately identify and focus on high-risk areas，significantly improving the pertinence and hidden danger detection efficiency of regular inspections，and providing effective technical support for optimizing the legal inspection process.

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• Analysis of Isolation and Putting into Operation of High-Pressure Heater
  PENG Fuxiang; WANG Tuo

  Abstract:During the commissioning period of Unit 5 of Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant，the high-pressure heater frequentlyexperienced abnormal water level rise and triggered protection disconnection when it is put back into operation after beingdisconnected. To solve this problem，this paper analyzes the system structure and hydrophobic control logic，uses the enumeration elimination method to investigate the cause of the fault，and confirms that hydrophobic flash evaporation is the fundamental cause of the false high water level. Based on this，measures such as optimizing operation，adjusting drainage settings，and improving monitoring and control logic are proposed. Through on-site verification，this measure can effectively avoid abnormal fluctuations in water level，ensure smooth operation of the heater，and provide certain reference for optimizing the operation of high-pressure heaters in similar units.

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• Key Technologies and Engineering Practices for Improving AGC Performance in Smart Power Plants
  YANG Sifan

  Abstract:In response to the increasing requirements of the power grid for the regulation capability of generating units，it is necessary to explore effective ways to enhance Automatic Generation Control(AGC)performance within the framework of smartpower plants. Taking a 1 000 MW ultra-supercritical coal-fired unit of a thermal power enterprise as the research object，this study delves into the deficiencies of the AGC system in terms of response speed，regulation accuracy，and adaptability to complexoperating conditions. It systematically analyzes constraining factors such as coordinated control strategies，equipment response characteristics， and control parameter settings，and proposes an improvement scheme based on feature modeling and comprehensive optimization. The results indicate that through targeted technical modifications and control logic redesign，the regulation performance of the unit can be significantly enhanced，thereby strengthening its capability to participate in peak shavingancillary services for the power grid and providing practical references for the intelligent development of the power system.

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• Research on Energy-Saving Optimization and Automatic Control Technology for Coal Conveying Systems in Thermal Power Plants
  SANG Yongming

  Abstract:To address issues such as multi-line and multi-bunker coupling constraints，load fluctuations，and energy waste caused by transportation delays in the coal conveying system of thermal power plants，this paper designs an improved Model Predictive Control(MPC)-Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)energy-saving optimization collaborative control method. Firstly， a dynamic material balance equation for multiple bunkers is established，enabling coordinated scheduling of coal conveying lines and balanced material level distribution through MPC. A multi-objective function for system energy consumption is constructed，incorporating operational energy，startup energy，and no-load energy. Secondly，an LSTM network is employed to predict future coal demand，combined with a belt conveyor speed control strategy，to proactively respond to load changes andeliminate supply-demand mismatches caused by time delays. Experimental results demonstrate that compared to traditionalmaterial level control，the proposed method achieves a 20% energy-saving rate，reduces equipment startup frequency by

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• Application of Ultrafiltration-Reverse Osmosis Dual-Membrane Method in Wastewater Treatment of Thermal Power Plants
  LI Yao; QI Yayu

  Abstract:Due to the poor interception effect of pollutants in existing technologies，an applied research on the ultrafiltration-reverse osmosis dual-membrane method in wastewater treatment of thermal power plants is carried out. First，a submerged Polyvinylidene Fluoride(PVDF) hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane is adopted to remove suspended solids and macromolecular organic matters in wastewater，and the membrane flux is maintained through an automatic backwashing program. Second，a reverse osmosis membrane is used to conduct deep desalination at a cross-flow velocity of 1.8 L/min，and membrane modification technology is combined to improve the desalination efficiency. Finally，the produced water is disinfectedwith sodium hypochlorite and adjusted by calcium carbonate mineralization to achieve qualified water quality and resourceutilization. Test results show that the ultrafiltration membrane intercepts pollutants efficiently and stably，effectively intercepts organic pollutants such as humic acids and proteins in water，and exhibits favorable treatment effects on different types of pollutants. After hydraulic backwashing，the minimum resistance of the ultrafiltration membrane remains at the level of 2×1012 m.1， and the resistance decreases significantly，which improves the filtration efficiency.

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